2024年MBA考研英语阅读部分答案已出！快来看

【原文】

Anger over AI’s role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future. In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be,

Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways ofthinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past," she writes. “An economy oftech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically

sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including healthcare and construction, says Coyle. But people can't be expected to embrace the changes ifthey're not seeing the benefits--ifthey're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI.“We're talking about disruption," she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed." To make such “tremendous changes," she adds,you need social buy-in. Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all techjobs by2019.

New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of th etech giants. Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers, for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive ofAI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about, like healthcare,education,andmanufacturing.

21.Coyle argues that economic growth should

A.give rise to innovations

B.diversify career choices

C.benefit people equally

D. be promoted forcelly

答案:

解析:细节题。根据题于定位到第一段第二句，“digital economy requires new waysthinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past”，对应选项C，其中equally 与evenly 同义替换。其他选项无中生有。

22.According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to

A.bring about instant prosperity

B.reduce people's workload

C.raise overall work efficiency

D.enhance cross-sector cooperation

答案:C

解析:细节题。根据题干定位到第二段，“will require greater use of digital technologies to boost

productivity in various sectors”，直接对应选项C，ABD无中生有

23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?

A.They may affect work-life balance.

B.They maybe impractical to deploy.

C.They may incur huge expenditure.

D. They may unwelcome to public.

答案:D

解析:细节题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句These are transformative technologiesthat change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed." To make such “tremendous changes," she adds, you need social buy-in，根据最后一句“you need social buy-in”对应选项D。选项AC无中生有，B虽在前一句出现，但与题干无关。

24.Several American cities are mentioned to show

A.the uneven distribution of AI technology in the US

B.the disappointing prospect of jobs in the US

C.the fast progress of US regional economies

D. the increasing significance ofUSAI assets

答案:A

解析:例证题。根据题干定位至第五段。第五段整段都是例子本身，在围绕新AI技术集中在某几个区域，紧接着下一段首句提到“The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI”，强调AI分布不均匀，只局限在谋几个区域，对应A

25.With regard to concern, the author suggests

A.raising funds to start new AI projects

B.encourage collaboration in AI research

C.guarding against side effects of AI

D.redefine the role of AI

答案: D

解析:细节题。根据题干定位至最后一段，“Amore immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive ofAI technologies”，主要表达了需要拓宽我们认知AI技术的想象力，对应D